“Peptide” — a chain of amino acids. All proteins are made up of one or more peptides.

“Pathogen” — a disease causing agent, such as a virus or a bacteria.

“Oxidative stress” — an organism is said to experience oxidative stress when the effects of prooxidants (e.g. free radicals, reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species) exceed the ability of antioxidant systems to neutralize them.

“Organophosphate” — the general name for esters of phosphoric acid. Many of the most important biochemicals are organophosphates, including DNA and RNA and they are the basis of many insecticides, herbicides, and nerve agents.

“Insecticide” —  pesticides that are formulated to kill, harm, repel or mitigate one or more species of insect.