Farming


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Seedling green sprout of cucumber with leaves in a yellow pot on a blu background. New life, birth. Plant growing. Copy space





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El Cuate bringing unloading his harvest at Packing Facility near Los Cabos Airport





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Nursery Team Member – Basil at Nursery Los Cabos Group





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** FILE ** A farm tractor scatters dust as it moves across a field on a farm along state road 82 near Tifton, Ga., Thursday, May 31, 2007. May set records for dry conditions in the state. As the South battles yet another scorching drought, an Alabama congressman’s proposal for helping the region’s farmers build their own small reservoirs is catching on in Congress. (AP Photo/Gene Blythe)





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The land and sky somewhere in Nebraska, taken on a trip west in the summer of 2011





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Tractor spraying soybean field





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22510413 – road to sun. abstract environmental backgrounds for your design





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Aerial view of small town bordered by barley and corn fields





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Young farmers examing planted wheat field





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52263807 – tractor spraying soybean crops with pesticides and herbicides





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Tractor spraying pesticides on vegetable field with sprayer at spring





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OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA





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Harvesting genetically engineered soya in Argentina Accession #: 0.97.207.001.05





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Leamington, On. Sep. 6, 2007. A harvesting crew works on a crop of tomatoes Thursday near Leamington. The farm is owned by Peter Brunato of Tri-B Farms Ltd and the tomatoes were bound for processing at the nearby Sun-Brite Canning Ltd. (The Windsor Star-Dan Janisse)





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22510413 – road to sun. abstract environmental backgrounds for your design





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The prototype of an autonomous weeding machine by Swiss start-up ecoRobotix is pictured during tests on a sugar beet field near Bavois, Switzerland May 18, 2018. REUTERS/Denis Balibouse





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Concept of making money agriculture





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27 year old Sandy Bagne weeding his potato field in Malicong.





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SONY DSC





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A cross section of a sunflower root system.





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An organic orchard overlooking Lake Chelan in central Washington State (Photo: WSU Extension)





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Food banks in the U.S. are starting to turn away donations of junk food and soda to combat obesity among the poor.





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Evidence of dicamba drift damage: the field to the right is herbicide-tolerant, the one on the left is not.





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Gabe Brown pictured in a high-brassica cover crop on his ranch in North Dakota. While these cover crops are purposely grown to improve soil health, Brown notes that an added benefit to diversifying crops is a polycultures landscape with natural predators to ward off most pests. Photo courtesy of Brown’s Ranch





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Green Cornfield Cereals Agriculture Corn Field





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A young maize tassel is opened up to reveal stem borers hidden inside, and damage caused by their feeding, in a farmer’s field in Embu district, Kenya.

Stem borers are a class of insect pest, made up of a number of moth species distributed around the world, which lay their eggs at night on the underside of emerging leaves of young maize plants. The larvae, or caterpillars, that hatch from the eggs – i.e. the borers – quickly make their way inside the plant, where they feed undisturbed by predators. Young larvae feed on foliar tissue in the whorl, leading to perforations in unfolding leaves, and potential destruction of the growing point, while older larvae burrow into the stem, where they starve the growing plant of nutrients and can cause lodging. They feed extensively on tassels, ears, and stems.

Borers’ stealthy habits make them one of the most damaging pests for maize in Africa, and yet virtually invisible to farmers, who tend to attribute the damage to their crops to more visible pests. “Many farmers in Kenya don’t even know their maize fields have a stem borer problem, yet these insects cost them some 400,000 tons in lost harvest each year,” says CIMMYT maize breeder Stephen Mugo. Chemical pesticides can control borers, but must be applied soon after planting, and are difficult for resource-poor farmers to afford. “Even farmers who know about stem borers only notice the damage after it’s too late for chemical control. A seed-based technology is what we need,” says Mugo.

In ongoing research, CIMMYT is collaborating with the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) to develop maize varieties that are resistant to stem borers, and to disseminate these to resource-poor smallholder farmers. “Maize that resists stem borer damage would take the guesswork out of stem borer pesticide usage by eliminating it altogether,” says Mugo. The work is part of the Insect Resistant Maize for Africa (IRMA) project.

For more information about stem borers in Kenya and CIMMY





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