in vitro
“In vitro” — refers to studies and/or phenomena that take place outside the body (e.g., in test tubes).
hypoxia
“Hypoxia” — deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching body tissues.
high-density lipoproteins
“High density lipoproteins” (HDL) – proteins that transport cholesterol from tissues to the liver, where it can be eliminated in bile. HDL-cholesterol is considered good cholesterol, because higher blood levels of HDL-cholesterol are associated with lower risk of heart disease.
herbicide tolerant
“Herbicide-tolerant” (HT) – crops genetically engineered to survive direct application of one or more herbicides during the growing season, chemicals that would otherwise kill or severely stunt the crop.
glutathione
“Glutathione” — protects cells against various free radicals. Glutathione levels have been shown to decrease with age. Glutathione cannot be absorbed in the stomach, and therefore levels of this cellular protector cannot be increased with dietary supplementation. Instead, alternate antioxidants (i.e. alpha-lipoic acid) and precursors to glutathione (i.e. N-acetyl cysteine) must be taken in order […]
glutamate
“Glutamate” — an excitatory neurotransmitter. Under certain circumstances glutamate may become toxic to neurons. Glutamate excitotoxicity appears to play a role in nerve cell death in some neurodegenerative disorders.
glucose
“Glucose” — a 6-carbon sugar which plays a major role in the generation of energy for living organisms.
fructose
“Fructose” — a very sweet 6-carbon sugar abundant in plants. Fructose is increasingly common in sweeteners such as high-fructose corn syrup.
free radicals
“Free radical” — an atom or a molecule with an unpaired electron. Because they have a free electron, such molecules are highly reactive with nearby molecules. By interacting with cellular components, free radicals may cause cellular and genetic damage, and their involvement has been implicated in several diseases. Free radicals are generated by smoking, environmental […]
free radical
“Free radical” — an atom or a molecule with an unpaired electron. Because they have a free electron, such molecules are highly reactive with nearby molecules. By interacting with cellular components, free radicals may cause cellular and genetic damage, and their involvement has been implicated in several diseases. Free radicals are generated by smoking, environmental […]